1. We
can use embedded questions as part of other questions. This is sometimes called
an indirect question
and is often used to be polite.
·
Normal
question: Where is the station?
·
Indirect question (that includes
an embedded question): Could you tell me where the station is?
2.
We can also use embedded questions as part
of statements. The embedded question is a noun
clause and can be used in a similar way to a
noun. For example, we can use it as the subject
or the object of the
main clause.
·
Normal question: Where does she
work?
·
Embedded question in a statement:
I don’t know where she works. (Here ‘where she works’ is the object.)
·
Normal question: Where does she
work?
·
Embedded question in a statement:
Where she works is very far. (Here ‘where she works’ is the subject.)
Embedded questions can be found WITHIN A STATEMENT
Embedded WH- Qusetions
Example :
Direct Question : Where did i put my pants?
Embedded Question : I’m not sure where i put
my pants.
Embedded YES/NO Questions
Example :
Direct Question : Do you have a headphone?
Embedded Question : I’ve forgotten if i have a
headphone.
Embedded WH- Qusetions
Direct Question : Has the class started yet?
Embedded Question : Can you tell me whether
the class starts?
Conditional Sentences
Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses
or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause
(without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the
clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional
Sentences.
Conditional Sentences Type I
Conditional
Sentences Type I refer to the future. An action in the future will only happen
if a certain condition is fulfilled by that time. We don't know for sure
whether the condition actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions
seems rather realistic – so we think it is likely to happen.
Ex:
If
John has the money, he will buy a Ferrari.
PATTERN
·
if +
Simple Present, will-Future.
Example:
If I find her address, I will send her an invitation.
Conditional Sentences Type II
Conditional
Sentences Type II refer to situations in the present. An action could happen if
the present situation were different. I don't really expect the situation to
change, however. I just imagine „what would happen if …“
Ex:
If
John had the money, he would buy a Ferrari.
PATTERN
·
if + Simple Past, main clause
with Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)
Example:
If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.
Conditional Sentences Type III
Conditional
Sentences Type III refer to situations in the past. An action could have
happened in the past if a certain condition had been fulfilled. Things were
different then, however. We just imagine, what would have happened if the
situation had been fulfilled.
Ex:
If
John had had the money, he would have bought a Ferrari.
PATTERN
·
if + Past Perfect, main clause
with Conditional II
Example:
If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
Comparison
Degrees of
Comparison are used when we compare one person or one thing
with another.
Comparative
adjectives are used to compare differences between the two objects they modify
(larger, smaller, faster, higher). They are used in sentences where two
nouns are compared.
PATTERN
·
Noun
(subject) + verb + comparative adjective + than + noun
(object).
Example: Your cat runs faster than Jim's cat.
Superlative
Superlative
adjectives are used to describe an object which is at the upper or lower limit
of a quality (the tallest, the smallest, the fastest, the highest). They
are used in sentences where a subject is compared to a group of objects.
PATTERN
·
Noun
(subject) + verb + the + superlative adjective + noun (object).
Example:
Your cat ran the fastest of
any cat in the race.
Source:
Cowan,
Ron.2008. The Teacher's Grammar of
English with Answers: A Course Book and Reference Guide : USA Cambridge University Press.
Joshi,
Manik. 2014. English Conditional
Sentences: Past, Present, Future; Real, Unreal Conditionals.
Joshi,
Manik. 2014. Complete English Grammar.
